New START Treaty in 2020 | UPSC

New START Treaty | UPSC

HEADLINES:

Putin wants New START treaty extended

WHY IN NEWS:

President Vladimir Putin on Friday proposed a one-year extension without conditions of the last major nuclear arms reduction accord between Russia and the U.S.

SYLLABUS COVERED: GS 3: Defence : Treaty

LEARNING:

For PRELIMS just take down important notes like – Limitations of the treaty and the aggregates mentioned below .

For MAINS do you think New Start Treaty is the most successful treaty of this decade when we talk about nuclear warheads ?

ISSUE:

The New START deal was signed in April 2010 but went into force in February 2011.

NEW START TREATY

TREATY STRUCTURE

The Treaty between the United States of America and the Russian Federation .
The aim is on Measures for the Further Reduction and Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms also known as the New START Treaty.

STRATEGIC OFFENSIVE REDUCTIONS

The New START Treaty, entered into force on February 5, 2011.
Under the Treaty, the United States and Russia must meet the Treaty’s central limits on strategic arms by February 5, 2018.
Seven years from the date the Treaty entered into force.

Each Party has the flexibility to determine for itself the structure of its strategic forces within the aggregate limits of the Treaty.

These limits are based on the rigorous analysis conducted by Department of Defense planners in support of the 2010 Nuclear Posture Review.

AGGREGATE LIMITS

700 deployed intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs), deployed submarine-launched ballistic missiles (SLBMs).

1,550 nuclear warheads on deployed ICBMs, deployed SLBMs, and deployed heavy bombers equipped for nuclear armaments .

800 deployed and non-deployed ICBM launchers, SLBM launchers, and heavy bombers equipped for nuclear armaments.

VERIFICATION AND TRANSPARENCY

The Treaty has a verification regime that combines appropriate elements of the 1991 START Treaty with new elements tailored to the limitations .

Verification measures under the Treaty include:

On-site inspections and exhibitions

Data exchanges and notifications related to strategic offensive arms and facilities covered by the Treaty.

Provisions to facilitate the use of national technical means for treaty monitoring.
To increase confidence and transparency, the Treaty also provides for an annual exchange of telemetry on an agreed number of ICBM and SLBM launches.

New START Treaty | UPSC

TREATY DURATION

The Treaty’s duration is ten years, unless superseded by a subsequent agreement.

The Parties may agree to extend the Treaty for a period of no more than five years.

The Treaty includes a withdrawal clause that is standard in arms control agreements.
The 2002 Moscow Treaty terminated when the New START Treaty entered into force.

NO CONSTRAINTS

The Treaty does not constrain testing, development, or deployment of current defence programmes.

Also it does not include planned U.S. missile defense programs or long-range conventional strike capabilities.

IASbhai WINDUP:

The New START Treaty provides for 18 on-site inspections per year.

There are two basic types of inspections.

TYPE ONE INSPECTIONS : Focus on sites with deployed and non-deployed strategic systems
TYPE TWO INSPECTIONS : Focus on sites with only non-deployed strategic systems.

Under the new treaty, both sides will exchange lists of the number of warheads deployed on individual missiles.

The re-entry vehicles (RVs) can be covered by the host nation to protect sensitive information, but the actual number of RVs must be evident to the inspectors.
These inspections are designed to help deter both sides from deploying a missile with more than its declared number of warheads.
New START does not limit new types of ballistic missiles, and thus the old START formula for extensive telemetry sharing was no longer necessary.

SOURCES:THE HINDU & PIB | New START Treaty | UPSC

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