All About 5G Internet Ecosystem | UPSC

HEADLINES:

Telcos urge govt. to spell out 5G policy

WHY IN NEWS:

Bharti Airtel’s Vittal seeks uniform global standards, Ambani touts home-grown network technology

MINISTRY? :- Ministry of Communication

SYLLABUS COVERED: GS 3: Communication

ISSUE:

Telecom industry leaders on Tuesday urged the Centre to spell out the policy framework and standards that would enable an expeditious roll-out of 5G technology in the country and help ensure the success of the ‘Digital India’ initiative.

5G INTERNET

WHO INVENTED 5G?

No one company or person owns 5G, but there are several companies within the mobile ecosystem that are contributing to bringing 5G to life.
We are at the heart of the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).

3GPP is the industry organization that defines the global specifications for 3G UMTS (including HSPA), 4G LTE, and 5G technologies.

3GPP is driving many essential inventions across all aspects of 5G design, from the air interface to the service layer.
Other 3GPP 5G members range from infrastructure vendors and component/device manufacturers to mobile network operators and vertical service providers.

WHAT UNDERLYING TECHNOLOGIES MAKE UP 5G?

5G is based on OFDM (Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing), a method of modulating a digital signal across several different channels to reduce interference.

5G uses 5G NR air interface alongside OFDM principles.

5G also uses wider bandwidth technologies such as sub-6 GHz and mmWave.

PRINCIPLE

Like 4G LTE, 5G OFDM operates based on the same mobile networking principles.
However, the new 5G NR air interface can further enhance OFDM to deliver a much higher degree of flexibility and scalability.
This could provide more 5G access to more people and things for a variety of different use cases.
5G will bring wider bandwidths by expanding the usage of spectrum resources, from sub-3 GHz used in 4G to 100 GHz and beyond.

5G can operate in both lower bands (e.g., sub-6 GHz) as well as mmWave (e.g., 24 GHz and up), which will bring extreme capacity, multi-Gbps throughput, and low latency.

5G is designed to deliver faster, better mobile broadband services compared to 4G LTE.
It can also expand into new service areas such as mission-critical communications and connecting the massive IoT.
This is enabled by many new 5G NR air interface design techniques, such as a new self-contained TDD subframe design.

DIFFERENT GENERATIONS OF MOBILE NETWORKS

FIRST GENERATION – 1G 1980s: 1G delivered analog voice.
SECOND GENERATION – 2G Early 1990s: 2G introduced digital voice (e.g. CDMA- Code Division Multiple Access).
THIRD GENERATION – 3G Early 2000s : 3G brought mobile data (e.g. CDMA2000).
FOURTH GENERATION – 4G LTE 2010s: 4G LTE ushered in the era of mobile broadband.
FIFTH GENERATION -5G : 5G is a unified, more capable air interface. It has been designed with an extended capacity to enable next-generation user experiences, empower new deployment models and deliver new services.

HOW DO CONSUMERS USE 5G?

The average consumer is expected to go from being able to consume 2.3 GB of data per month today to close to 11 GB of data per month on their smartphone in 2022.

This is driven by explosive growth in video traffic as mobile is increasingly becoming the source of media and entertainment.

This will contribute to cutting-edge user experiences such as boundless extreme reality (XR), seamless IoT capabilities etc.

HOW DO BUSINESSES USE 5G?

With high data speeds and superior network reliability, 5G will have a tremendous impact on businesses.
The benefits of 5G will enhance the efficiency of businesses while also giving users faster access to more information.

Businesses can make full use of high speed, low latency, and network capacity that 5G is designed to provide.

EXAMPLE

Smart factories could use 5G to run industrial Ethernet to help them increase operational productivity and precision.

IS 5G AVAILABLE NOW?

Yes, 5G is already here today, and global operators started launching new 5G networks in early 2019.
In 2020, many countries expect nationwide 5G mobile networks.
Also, all major Android phone manufacturers are commercializing 5G phones.
5G has been deployed in 35+ countries and counting.

SOURCES : QUALCOMM

‘EXISTENTIAL THREAT’ IN INDIA

There is sometimes talk of India having its own 5G standards.

This is an existential threat which could lock India out of a global ecosystem and slow down the pace of innovation.

There is a need to ensure access to affordable smartphones to 300 million mobile subscribers “trapped in the 2G era”.

IASbhai WINDUP:

1G, 2G, 3G, and 4G all led to 5G, which is designed to provide more connectivity than was ever available before.
With high speeds, superior reliability and negligible latency, 5G will expand the mobile ecosystem into new realms.

SOURCES: THE HINDU | All About 5G Internet Ecosystem | UPSC

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All About 5G Internet Ecosystem | UPSC